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A language pack changes the language of the Windows Operating System. The default language is always English and other languages can be installed manually. All the language packs are described in KB2483139. Here is the list of language packs available from Microsoft for direct download:

Download Official 32-bit (x86) Windows 7 SP1 MUI Language Packs

Arabic:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-ar-sa_5add6e4a36127029d431ba98d99708c44ef9b53f.exe
Bulgarian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-bg-bg_a8a5013e477366119cfdc5fbda43b904755db450.exe
Chinese (Simplified):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-zh-cn_ae61ea226215f96fc95be33201ffc96755ac7eb5.exe
Chinese (Traditional):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-zh-hk_411a6bb68728f12f5ced712d9a33fee9ebe0b0b3.exe
Croatian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-hr-hr_685e217ce007af8005db4726087893d04e19dade.exe
Czech:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-cs-cz_bb5061f4bd24437dd31a3714e1b54318ced7e63a.exe
Danish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-da-dk_67fecaab0a940e2e537bc8dcd8a9ebb8ab4ed102.exe
Dutch:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-nl-nl_b7e1c3046b218fb45a665ab5f5ed8a5ea8125760.exe
English:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-en-us_783d6dd59e2ec8fb0995a059c9c121795bde46c8.exe
Estonian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-et-ee_d0f798de315b696bf560b559f6f90064687c0b7b.exe
Finnish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-fi-fi_5259ca6a22a981dbdee352dde5b8e65c2fddd407.exe
French:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-fr-fr_f57427487dfc2f49da67cac22480ab1f48983d22.exe
German:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-de-de_acb9b88b96d432749ab63bd93423af054d23bf81.exe
Greek:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-el-gr_5aeecda7e1d689a083975128901da8156751dfc5.exe
Hebrew:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-he-il_1849d14777a76c7c5b4ef766490dccc8aed5c56b.exe
Hungarian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-hu-hu_a7a5af62c59ab7a4e8cb0f21242b42606b95195b.exe
Italian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-it-it_1d54a8d0047674fc1b5b6f41292a0074d9fe3cc5.exe
Japanese:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-ja-jp_bc46078938ae9129c7ce86a9c176fa517e4c0a3d.exe
Korean:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-ko-kr_18f213428cc6fde96d8c76c6dd91446348e86ce6.exe
Latvian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-lv-lv_97b58149699a2e8b02bd7cac720ac0795b51c98b.exe
Lithuanian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-lt-lt_297c5ee6e98ab646b14f1492716b67cc0970fcd8.exe
Norwegian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-nb-no_5bd6fc76ad54b7a232d4ceb4a5f5c7c366bf90b6.exe
Polish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-pl-pl_c460a8c1392d7f3d35d1c0b37e56017d3552d245.exe
Portuguese (Brazil):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-pt-br_6e1d337b2fd56669d461e82601aa51004fecbd24.exe
Portuguese (Portugal):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-pt-pt_5cc92ef98ed177b2f6bbae3a0420ee2f12764fab.exe
Romanian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-ro-ro_d8d9b2b4c5c457fe6a7dcb09a5f645cfe77cc30c.exe
Russian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-ru-ru_6532a8f36ad7d15277d5d60da92555f0fbee4daa.exe
Serbian (Latin):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-sr-latn-cs_e3d9acfcc9f608cf7687bd3b5ee7f0d9658b7bc9.exe
Slovak:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-sk-sk_4c7b17a6cb292b09bede4c8731ad4f24cd09ab2a.exe
Slovenian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-sl-si_de7f366819e1c12954557e3e65b7c0f059f49b67.exe
Spanish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-es-es_6aef75f7d83edaabc2a921a6b157cc7005628286.exe
Swedish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-sv-se_bd65af75e8995bd865d93c8d8c8a35091499083f.exe
Thai:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-th-th_8248f2b209d65a39ddaeb36e1782fcc0f6664f73.exe
Turkish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-tr-tr_228dfa5fbaa4606b17f93d6fcd51c8c85c0f1fd3.exe
Ukrainian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x86-uk-ua_7f01db99ad2b2d41598bfc71aaa9bd4be04b6369.exe

Download Official 64-bit (x64) Windows 7 SP1 MUI Language Packs

Arabic:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-ar-sa_f07f2cc7b55b17076eebceea2c2c2826b08b8f63.exe
Bulgarian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-bg-bg_e4c9392592ed2d4a8c7ec68270b5140430df197a.exe
Chinese (Simplified):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-zh-cn_2c1884b4fdf6c8e91986369d88bbcaae01c6f187.exe
Chinese (Traditional):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-zh-hk_285282b1e2f750eeed91466918443b657968d977.exe
Croatian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-hr-hr_e7c6d648436d81466af331ab1ece07dd22be5fda.exe
Czech:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-cs-cz_1ea5b71d701e2480017b464b6560a2987e0d8971.exe
Danish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-da-dk_d753d19cc1a0fe95aef21548193393c04a6a8024.exe
Dutch:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-nl-nl_12c90c70d408b08f51f500d6e974878a5d662398.exe
English:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-en-us_9b9c8a867baff2920507fbf1e1b4a158572b9b87.exe
Estonian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-et-ee_b4fd94f6e461e21b7eec54d1e379e2807861aea2.exe
Finnish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-fi-fi_223465e1b382484d1d82f8f2ccfcd9ed2f902c76.exe
French:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-fr-fr_0f18e2a244dd9ff04664112a82776d2bd2177798.exe
German:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-de-de_4f4ce6bd38530b4a02199172863b21a0cba13773.exe
Greek:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-el-gr_583791fea2fea71725388a746844d5be6488ca45.exe
Hebrew:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-he-il_617029400059f0847d7d90d4da673ae4ed43ebd9.exe
Hungarian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-hu-hu_1c298d99baf7af3d830dcd1e2632eeb65d7ee395.exe
Italian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-it-it_6d8223c065d6974d833d0eaa162f3ceb7680850f.exe
Japanese:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-ja-jp_aeaf7e9b0b6c2173bf757330017a7f655f1f8715.exe
Korean:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-ko-kr_0ea76f748e3d5309d568147ad1337b2664090944.exe
Latvian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-lv-lv_3919fb044a307144f1fc55cf4313aff45cde9a46.exe
Lithuanian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-lt-lt_c894f0a591735553ba68f9fb94b1b85133ca922c.exe
Norwegian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-nb-no_78df68604970041a6337b4058a3e5339f79e50b4.exe
Polish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-pl-pl_24d00a966a7a75132c3af5627634483d3e2d01e7.exe
Portuguese (Brazil):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-pt-br_f8035731c55d774c95c7c673aedfd42d52479294.exe
Portuguese (Portugal):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-pt-pt_78485491088298110a3e78b7a5f95e55ff7808df.exe
Romanian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-ro-ro_6e7a63541f2cb534dab3db719330fee5cfbb4e0f.exe
Russian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-ru-ru_0587eb296a2f04e0d3699650d39b53ee18b97a79.exe
Serbian (Latin):
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-sr-latn-cs_5f487007933585def54c67087895e74e25e699a9.exe
Slovak:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-sk-sk_f1fb8a395d7d656649830f4f06496a5311ad572a.exe
Slovenian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-sl-si_84606ed6bc061c72f756bbc061621b490fb761f7.exe
Spanish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-es-es_fdbdf4061b960324efb9eedf7106df543ed8ce33.exe
Swedish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-sv-se_81051fe3083afdb4f2d1d23752c587de9bb35025.exe
Thai:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-th-th_dc9c0cc12ae488ed3e8dcaecb4392eef91ec213b.exe
Turkish:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-tr-tr_07e7e3b34426fe68be813e911d3843b941a268b7.exe
Ukrainian:
windows6.1-kb2483139-x64-uk-ua_1ca449545a2bcfdeeed6080768186fc29f163504.exe

Please note that Chinese (Taiwan) or zh-tw language packs are not available at this time. If someone finds the language packs, kindly let me know through comments. You may also be interested in how to use Vistalizator for Windows 7 sp1 to add a language pack to any edition of Windows 7.