十六观智(5)中英对照
个人日记
十六观智(5)中英对照
作者:metta
5. Knowledge of Dissolution 坏灭智
Noticing the bodily and mental processes as they arise, he sees them part by part, link by link, piece by piece, fraction by fraction: "Just now it arises, just now it dissolves." When that knowledge of arising and passing away becomes mature, keen and strong, it will arise easily and proceed uninterruptedly as if borne onward of itself; also the bodily and mental processes will be easily discernible. When keen knowledge thus carries on and formations are easily discernible, then neither the arising of each bodily and mental process, nor its middle phase called "presence," nor the continuity of bodily and mental processes called "occurrence as unbroken flux" is apparent to him; nor are the shape of the hand, the foot, the face, the body, and so on, apparent to him. But what is apparent to him is only the ceasing of bodily and mental processes, called "vanishing," or "passing away," or "dissolution."
他观照名色的生起,一部分一部分、一节一节、一片一片、一小部分一小部分地观察,他看到每个法“在此刻生起,即在此刻灭去”。当生灭随观智变得成熟、敏锐、强大时,此智就很容易显现并好像自行远转一样不间断地运作,同时对名色观照很清楚。观智保持这样敏锐,诸行很容易观察,这时名色的生起过程“生”对他来说不明显,名色生灭全过程的中间相“住”也不明显,名为“不断的生灭之流”的名色相续性也不明显,脚、手、脸、身等的形状也不明显;这时只有名色“灭”的过程对他是明显的,这灭的过程就是“消失”、“消逝”或者“消融”的过程。
For instance, while noticing the rising movement of the abdomen, neither its initial nor middle phase is apparent, but only the ceasing or vanishing, which is called the final phase, is apparent; and so it is also with the falling movement of the abdomen. Again, in the case of bending an arm or leg, while noticing the act of bending, neither the initial nor the middle phase of bending is apparent, nor is the form of the limb apparent, but only the final phase of ceasing and vanishing is apparent. It is similar in the other cases of stretching a limb, and so on.
例如,当观照腹部上升运动时,开始和中间段都不明显,只有灭或者说消失阶段、也就是最后段是明显的。腹部的下降运动也是这样。又如在弯曲肘或腿时,当观照这个弯曲动作,弯曲的开始段和中间段都不明显,四肢的形状也不明显,只有最后段,亦即灭、消失阶段是明显的。在伸展四肢等其它动作中的情况也是类似的。
For at that time each object that is being noticed seems to him to be entirely absent or to have become non-existent. Consequently, at this stage of knowledge, it seems to him as if he were engaged in noticing something which has already become absent or non-existent by having vanished; and the consciousness engaged in noticing appears to have lost contact with the object that is being noticed. It is for that reason that a meditator may here think: "I have lost the insight"; but he should not think so.
这时候每个观照的所缘对他来说好像整个都没有了或变得不存在了。因而当处在这一阶观智中,他好像在观照已经消散了的没有的或不存在的东西,能观之心似乎也失去了和所缘的接触。正是由于这种情况,禅者可能会想:“我的内观退失了”,但是他不应该这样想。
For formerly his consciousness normally took delight in conceptual objects of shapes, etc.;34 and even up to the knowledge of arising and passing away, the idea of formations with their specific features35 was always apparent to him. Hence his mind took delight in a plainly distinguishable object consisting of formations, with its particular structure36 and its particular feature-idea. But now that his knowledge has developed in the way described, no such idea of the formations' features or structure appears to him, still less any other, cruder concept. At such a stage, the arising of formations, that is, the first phase of the process, is not apparent (as it is in the case of knowledge of arising and passing away), but there is apparent only the dissolution, that is, the final phase, having the nature of vanishing. Therefore the meditator's mind does not take delight in it at first, but he may be sure that soon, after becoming familiar (with that stage of the practice), his mind will delight in the cessation (of the phenomena) too, which is called their dissolution. With this assurance he should again turn to the practice of continuous noticing.
他的心通常乐见形状等概念法的所缘,即使到了生灭随观智阶段,带着各自特征的诸行法的相总会清楚地呈现出来。因此他的心乐见清楚易辨的有形、有相的行法构成的所缘。但是现在他的观智修习到了前面所描述的程度,诸行的形或相这样的概念法不再现起,更别说其它更粗的概念法。在这一智阶,诸行的生起,亦即生灭全过程的第一阶段,就不(象生灭随观智阶段)那么明显,只有坏灭是明显的,这是最后阶段,具有消失的特性。因此,禅者的心对坏灭开始并不欢喜,但应该知道,在不久之后对这种观照变得熟悉,他的心会乐见这种叫作“坏灭”的“灭”。确信这点之后,他应该再度继续作连续观照。
When thus engaged, he perceives that in each act of noticing there are always present two factors, an objective factor and a subjective one — the object noticed and the mental state of knowing it — which dissolve and vanish by pairs, one pair after the other. For in each single instance of a rising movement of the abdomen, there are, in fact, numerous physical processes constituting the rising movement, which are seen to dissolve serially. It is like seeing the continuous successive vanishing of a summer mirage moment by moment; or it is like the quick and continuous bursting of bubbles produced in a heavy shower by thick rain drops falling on a water surface; or it is like the quick, successive extinction of oil-lamps or candles, blown out by the wind, as these lights are being offered at a shrine by devotees. Similar to that appears the dissolving and vanishing, moment by moment, of the bodily processes noticed. And the dissolution of consciousness noticing those bodily processes is apparent to him along with the dissolution of the bodily processes. Also while he is noticing other bodily and mental processes, their dissolution, too, will be apparent to him in the same manner. Consequently, the knowledge will come to him that whatever part of the whole body is noticed, that object ceases first, and after it the consciousness engaged in noticing that object follows in its wake. From that the meditator will understand very clearly in the case of each successive pair the dissolution of any object whatsoever and the dissolution of the consciousness noticing that very object. (It should be borne in mind that this refers only to understanding arrived at through direct experience by one engaged in noticing only; it is not an opinion derived from mere reasoning.)当他这样用功,他觉察到每一个观照过程中总是同时有两个要素出现:所缘和能缘——即被观照的目标和觉知目标的心法——二者成对地消融、消失,一对接一对地消失。事实上,每一次腹部的上升,都包含很多色法过程,它们构成了上升运动,禅者会观察到它们一个接一个次第消融。这就像看到夏日的海市蜃楼刹那刹那地一个接一个消失一样,又像暴雨中粗大的雨点在水面激起的水泡那样,接二连三快速地爆裂,又象大风吹灭信众供养寺庙的诸多灯烛那样,顺次快速地熄灭。所观照的色法就是象这样刹那刹那地消融、消失。他也会清楚看到观照这些色法的心法也和被观照的色法一起消融。当他观照别的名色,也会见到它们也以同样的方式消融。因此他会生起这样的智慧:观照全身任何一部分,被观照的目标首先灭尽,而进行观照的心也紧随其后灭去。从这种经验中禅者会非常明白任何一个所缘和观照此所缘的心是如何一对接一对地坏灭(需要记住,这指的是通过直接观照的经验生起的智慧,而不是仅仅从推理得出的一种观点。)
It is the perfectly clear understanding of the dissolution of the two things, pair by pair — that is, (1) of the visual or other object appearing at any of the six sense doors, and (2) of the consciousness noticing that very object — that is called "knowledge of dissolution."
正是这种彻底清楚了知——(1)六根门出现的色等法,和(2)观照此法的心——二者成对地坏灭,被叫作“坏灭智”。
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