教你学会看口腔全景X光片
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编辑： Welcome. In navigating through the slides, you should click on the left mouse button when (1), you see the mouse holding an x-ray tubehead (see below), (2) you are directed to “click” for the next act Click for next slide Panoramic Anatomy The following is a PowerPoint presentation. If you right click on the screen and select “Full Screen”, the images should fill the entire screen. If you want to print slides 7, 8 and 9, you must right-click, select “End Show” and then right click again on slide you want to print and select “Print”. Types of Panoramic Images Single Real Image Double Real Image Ghost Image Single Real Image On Double Real Image Two images of a single object are seen on the film. Double real images are produced by structures located in the midline. The x-ray beam passes through these objects twice as the tubehead rotates around the patient. Structures that result in double real images are the hard and soft palates, the hyoid bone and the cervical spine. Ghost Image Panoramic Anatomy The numbers on the diagram below and on the next slide (air spaces) correspond to the numbers on the key (slide 9). Panoramic Anatomy Key 1. maxillary sinus 2. pterygomaxillary fissure 3. pterygoid plates 4. hamulus 5. zygomatic arch 6. articular eminence 7. zygomaticotemporal suture 8. zygomatic process 9. external auditory meatus 10. mastoid process 11. middle cranial fossa 12. lateral border of the orbit 13. infraorbital ridge 14. infraorbital foramen 15. infraorbital canal 16. nasal fossa 17. nasal septum 18. anterior nasal spine 19. inferior concha 20. incisive foramen 21. hard palate 22. maxillary tuberosity 23. condyle 24. coronoid process 25. sigmoid notch 26. medial sigmoid depression 27. styloid process 28. cervical vertebrae 29. external oblique ridge 30. mandibular canal 31. mandibular foramen 32. lingula 33. mental foramen 34. submandibular gland fossa 35. internal oblique ridge 36. mental fossa 37. mental ridges 38. genial tubercles 39. hyoid bone 40. tongue 41. soft palate 42. uvula 43. posterior pharyngeal wall 44. ear lobe 45. glossopharyngeal air space 46. nasopharyngeal air space 47. palatoglossal air space The following slides show anatomical structures seen on panoramic films. See what other structures you can identify that are not labeled. At the end of this presentation there are 11 test slides. How old is this patient? a. 6-9 years b.10-12 years c.13-15 years d. 10-12 years old The anterior teeth are positioned in front of the notch in the bitestick, resulting in the widening of the anterior teeth (the maxillary central incisors are as wide as the molars). What head positioning error is seen on this film? The head is tipped down too much, resulting in shortened mandibular incisors and a V-shaped mandible. LN = calcified lymph node E = epiglottis ? Identifies calcification, possibly in carotid or in lymph node What positioning error is seen on this film? The head was turned to the left, bringing that side closer to the film and decreasing the width of the ramus on that side. The green arrow points to the biteblock, centered on the contact between the right central and lateral incisors. E = epiglottis The chin is tipped up too much, giving a more squared off appearance to the mandible, creating a reverse smile and causing the hard palate to be superimposed on the roots of the maxillary teeth.
Air Spaces
Red arrows point to ghost image of hard palate
What head positioning error is seen on this film?
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