《一切燃烧经》:
诸比丘,一切在燃烧。诸比丘,何为一切在燃烧?
眼在燃烧,色在燃烧,眼识在燃烧,触在燃烧,从眼而生起的苦乐,或非苦非乐的感受亦在燃烧。因何而燃烧?我说此由贪、嗔、痴、生、老、死、忧悲、苦恼,点着而燃烧。
“诸比丘,如此意想:多闻圣弟子厌恶色、眼、眼识、触,一切由眼而生的苦乐,或非苦非乐等感受;厌离耳或声,鼻或香,舌或味,身或触,意或法,意识,意,以及从心而生的一切其乐,非苦非乐之受,由厌恶而远离,由远离而解脱,因此而悟轮回已尽,梵行为住,所作皆办,更无此界。”
佛说此经已,诸比丘断除一切烦恼,共证阿罗汉果。
一次,佛陀以布施为题,告知给孤独供养佛陀和僧伽的巨大功德,但是建造寺庙,供给僧团的功德远大于此,而皈依佛法僧要比建造寺庙更具功德,与皈依三宝相比,守持五戒具更大的功德,同守持五戒相比,片刻修习慈悲禅定的功德更大,而一切功德之最乃是能悟诸事无常之本性。
从本经可以明显看出,布施是佛教徒生活的第一步,比布施更重要的是守持五戒,规范言语和行为。比此更为重要,更为有益的是培养导引自发的慈悲等高尚品德。
又有一次,当佛陀到给孤独家作客时,他听到从内屋传来一阵喧哗叫嚷之声,便问是怎么回事。
“世尊,我的儿媳输贾陀同我们住在一起,她很富有,来自一个万贯家族,她从来不把她的婆婆,公公,丈夫放在眼里,也不恭敬,礼拜世尊。”给孤独回答道。
佛陀把她叫到自己跟前,给她讲了一部富有启发性的经典,讲明了古今存在的七处妻子。
1、怀恶非善,残忍无情;喜好其他男子,疏远丈夫,身若妓女,僻好折磨男人,此名麻烦妻子。
2、稍有获利,即便函挥霍一空,浪费丈夫劳动,做生意或耕种所得财富。此名盗贼般妻子。
3、不善生计,懒惰,好吃懒做,精俗无情,喜恶言,专横对待勤劳者。此名贵族妻子。
4、慈善悲悯,爱护丈夫,如母护子,保护好丈夫所积财富。此名母亲妻子。
5、尊敬丈夫如敬哥,谦虚,以丈夫之喜好自住。此名妹妹般妻子。
6、喜见丈夫,如见久违之友;生于善良之家,善德,忠贞。此名朋友般妻子。
7、遇伤害或危险之时,无怒而平静;以无害之心忍受丈夫的一切,无嗔怒之心,以丈夫之喜好而住。此名侍女般妻子。
佛陀讲述了妻子的七种特征后说,麻烦妻子、盗贼妻子和贵族妻子非善,非理想;而母亲般妻子、妹妹般妻子、朋友般妻子和侍女般妻子为善,应大加赞赏。
佛陀讲述了弟子们的七种安乐条件,召集王舍城的所有比丘,对他们说:众弟子,若诸比丘:
1.时常会集,举行会议。
2.和合相处,共同行动,一致完成僧团的义务。
3.不要颁布没有颁布的戒律,不要废除已经颁布的戒律,依据已制戒律行事。
4.供养、尊敬戒腊长,资历深的戒团长老,孝敬父母,听从他们有益的教诲。
5.对生死轮回不起爱染,不执著贪欲。
6.以隐居山林为乐。
7,自我修习正念,使持戒独身之人和合共住,使共住者安乐。
如此,比丘僧团不但不会衰亡,反而会更加活跃。只要此七种善德条件继续存在于僧团内部,只要此僧团受到如此条件的良好指导,僧团不但不会衰落,反而会发展。
出于无限的悲悯,佛陀又启示诸比丘,讲述了另外七种福益条件:
1.不喜好从事买卖。
2.不喜好从事流言蜚语。
3.不喜好睡眠。
4.不沉醉于世俗社会。
5.断除贪欲乃至贪欲的诱惑。
6.不交恶友和损友,不趋从恶业。
7.不因一点点证悟就止步不前,而要进取阿罗汉果。
另外,佛陀又进一步说,只要诸比丘信仰虔诚、谦虚、有良知、博学多闻、精进不息、时时警醒、富有智慧,那么,诸比丘不但不会退转,反而会进步。
佛陀的劝诫
“阿难陀,僧固希望从我这里得到什么? 我讲授佛法,没有显密之分。在真理面前,佛陀没有一般老师捏紧的拳头。有人也许会认为:‘我将领导僧团’,或‘僧团应依附于我’,或‘我要对僧团事务有所指导’。”
“阿难陀,如来不认为应领导僧团,或僧团应依附于他。因此,如来为什么要对所有的僧团事务加以指导呢?”
“阿难陀,我现在已经80,人老体弱,已经到了人生终点。如同一辆破车,只有在皮带的捆绑下才能移动。同样的,如来的身体也只有在搀扶下才能行走。只有当如来深入无形的意念,一心不乱,断除受念和散乱,身体才能得以安隐。”
“因此,阿难陀,自己作自己的岛屿,自己为自己的依估,不外求皈依,以法为岛屿,以法为依止,更不外求依止。”
“阿难陀,比丘怎样才能自己作自己的岛屿,自己为自己的依估,不外求皈依,以法为岛屿,以法为依止,更不外求依止。”
“阿难陀,于此世间,应精进、善思、警醒、无贪,恒常正念身,受,心,色之法。”
“今生乃至后生,自己作自己的岛屿,自己为自己的依估,不外求皈依,以法为岛屿,以法为依止,更不外求依止。此人为持戒最胜者。”
佛陀在这里特别强调,个人应努力从生命之苦中解脱的重要性,祈祷或依靠他人将一事无成。有人也许要问,佛陀清清楚楚地教诫他的弟子们不要依止于他人,佛教徒为什么还要皈依佛法僧呢?佛教徒皈依三宝,仅仅把佛陀看成是指明解脱之道的导师,佛法为解脱方法,僧伽是生活之道的现实榜样。佛教徒认为,形式上的皈依三宝,不能使人由此而得到解脱。
---------------------------------------------
另外:
火燃经
坦尼沙罗尊者英译, 良稹中译
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying in Gaya, at Gaya Head, with 1,000 monks. There he addressed the monks:
如是我闻,一时薄伽梵与一千名比丘住在伽耶国的伽耶头。在那里,他对比丘们说:
"Monks, the All is aflame. What All is aflame? The eye is aflame. Forms are aflame. Consciousness at the eye is aflame. Contact at the eye is aflame. And whatever there is that arises in dependence on contact at the eye — experienced as pleasure, pain or neither-pleasure-nor-pain — that too is aflame. Aflame with what? Aflame with the fire of passion, the fire of aversion, the fire of delusion. Aflame, I tell you, with birth, aging & death, with sorrows, lamentations, pains, distresses, & despairs.
“比丘们,这一切在燃烧。哪一切在燃烧? 眼在燃烧。形色在燃烧。眼识在燃烧。眼触在燃烧。凡依赖于眼触而升起者——乐、痛、不乐不痛之体验——也在燃烧。燃起为何? 燃起了欲望之火、嗔意之火、与痴迷之火。我告诉你们,燃起了生、老、死,燃起了忧、哀、痛、悲、惨。
"The ear is aflame>. Sounds are aflame...
“耳在燃烧。声音在燃烧……
"The nose is aflame. Aromas are aflame...
“鼻在燃烧。气息在燃烧……
"The tongue is aflame. Flavors are aflame...
“舌在燃烧。味感在燃烧……
"The body is aflame. Tactile sensations are aflame...
“身在燃烧。触感在燃烧……
"The intellect is aflame. Ideas are aflame. Consciousness at the intellect is aflame. Contact at the intellect is aflame. And whatever there is that arises in dependence on contact at the intellect — experienced as pleasure, pain or neither-pleasure-nor-pain — that too is aflame. Aflame with what? Aflame with the fire of passion, the fire of aversion, the fire of delusion. Aflame, I say, with birth, aging & death, with sorrows, lamentations, pains, distresses, & despairs.
“心在燃烧。观念在燃烧。意识在燃烧。意触在燃烧。凡依赖于意识接触而升起者——乐、痛、不乐不痛之体验——也在燃烧。燃起为何? 燃起了欲望之火、嗔意之火、与痴迷之火。我告诉你们,燃起了生、老、死,燃起了忧、哀、痛、悲、惨。
"Seeing thus, the well-instructed disciple of the noble ones grows disenchanted with the eye, disenchanted with forms, disenchanted with consciousness at the eye, disenchanted with contact at the eye. And whatever there is that arises in dependence on contact at the eye, experienced as pleasure, pain or neither-pleasure-nor-pain: With that, too, he grows disenchanted.
“如此观之,一位圣者的多闻弟子便疏离[厌离,不再热衷于]眼、疏离形色、疏离眼识、疏离眼触。凡依赖于眼触升起的乐、痛、不乐不痛之体验: 他随之也疏离了。
"He grows disenchanted with the ear...
“他疏离耳……
"He grows disenchanted with the nose...
“他疏离鼻……
"He grows disenchanted with the tongue...
“他疏离舌……
"He grows disenchanted with the body...
“他疏离身……
"He grows disenchanted with the intellect, disenchanted with ideas, disenchanted with consciousness at the intellect, disenchanted with contact at the intellect. And whatever there is that arises in dependence on contact at the intellect, experienced as pleasure, pain or neither-pleasure-nor-pain: He grows disenchanted with that too. Disenchanted, he becomes dispassionate. Through dispassion, he is fully released. With full release, there is the knowledge, 'Fully released.' He discerns that 'Birth is ended, the holy life fulfilled, the task done. There is nothing further for this world.'"
“他疏离思维、疏离观念、疏离意识、疏离意触。凡依赖于意识接触而升起的乐、痛、不乐不痛之体验: 他随之也疏离了。疏离了,他达到无欲。由无欲,他彻底解脱。随着彻底解脱,他知道:‘彻底解脱了。’他有明辨:‘轮回已终止。梵行已圆满。任务已完成。不再有为于世。’”
That is what the Blessed One said. Gratified, the monks delighted at his words. And while this explanation was being given, the hearts of the 1,000 monks, through no clinging (not being sustained), were fully released from fermentation/effluents.
那就是薄伽梵所言。比丘们对他的话随喜、心悦。并且,就在这段讲解进行期间,这一千位比丘的心智,由不再执取(维持),完全解脱于漏。
文章评论