黑夜不懂白天的白

开头万能公式

1． 开头万能公式一：名人名言  

   经典句型： 
   A proberb says, “ You are only youngonce.” （适用于已记住的名言） 
   It goes without saying that we cannotbe young forever. （适用于忘记作者的名言） 
   更多经典句型： 
   As everyone knows, No one can denythat… 
2． 开头万能公式二：数字统计 
    原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。所以不妨试用下面的句型： 
    According to a recent survey, about78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after theirgraduation. 
  更多句型： 
  A recent statistics shows that … 

结尾万能公式： 
1． 结尾万能公式一：如此结论 
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： 
Obviously（此为过渡短语）, wecan draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect forothers. 
  更多过渡短语： 
  to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, onaccount of this, thus 
  更多句型： 
  Thus, it can be concluded that…；Therefore, we can find that… 
2． 结尾万能公式二：如此建议 
  Obviously, it is high time that we tooksome measures to solve the problem. 
  这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？ 
  更多句型： 
  Accordingly, I recommend that somemeasures be taken. 
  Consequently, to solve the problem,some measures should be taken.
 
写作的“六项基本原则”： 
一、长短句原则 
    工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： 
  As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is tosatisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 
  如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！ 
  强烈建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一   个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 
二、主题句原则 
    国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！ 
  To begin with, you must work hard atyour lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficientpreparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 
三、一二三原则
1）first,second, third, last（不推荐，原因：俗） 
2）firstly,secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：俗） 
3）the first,the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：俗） 
4）in the firstplace, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：俗） 
5）to beginwith, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 
6）to startwith, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 
7）first andforemost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 
8）mostimportant of all, moreover, finally 
9）on the onehand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 
10）for onething, for another thing（适用于两点的情况） 
  建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！ 
四、短语优先原则 
   写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果发现亮点——精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： 
  I cannot bear it. 
  可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. 
  I want it. 
  可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 
  这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 
五、多实少虚原则
   原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,hospital之类的形象词。再比如： 
  走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 
  但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 
  小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 
  老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room 
  所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！ 
六、多变句式原则 
 1）加法（串联） 
  都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： 
  I enjor music and he is fond of playingguitar. 
  如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： 
  Not only the fur coat is soft, but itis also warm. 
  其它的短语可以用： 
  besides, furthermore, likewise,moreover 
 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 
  The car was quite old, yet it was inexcellent condition. 
  The coat was thin, but it was warm. 
  更多的短语：

  despite that,still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite
3）因果（so, so, so） 
 The snow began to fall, so we went home.
 更多短语： 
 then, therefore, consequently,accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that 
4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重） 
有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。 
 举例：This is what I can do. 
 Whether he can go with us or not is notsure. 
 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： 
 When to go, Why he goes away… 
5）附加（多此一举） 
 The man whom you met yesterday is afriend of mine. 
 I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
 Mr liu, our oral English teacher, iseasy-going. 
6）排比（排山倒海句） 
   文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，对偶句，不定式，短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ 
  Whether your tastes are modern ortraditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. 
  Nowadays, energy can be obtainedthrough various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the windand ocean tides. 

  We have got to study hard, to enlargeour scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.