人教版新目标英语八年级(下)Unit1----5重点短语及句型

实用资料

 
 
  Unit 1  Will people have robots?                               
1. fewer people 更少的人（fewer 修饰名词复数，表示否定）                             
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间（less 修饰不可数名词，表示否定）                              
3. in ten years 10年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时，提问用 How soon）                              
4. fall in love with … 爱上……          
例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at him.     
       当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上了他。                             
5. live alone 单独居住                               
6. feel lonely 感到孤独（比较：live alone/ go alone 等）               
 The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn't feel lonely.                                 
  那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独。                              
7. keep/ feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪                              
8. fly to the moon 飞上月球                               
9. hundreds of + 复数 数百/几百（概数，类似还有 thousands of;   millions of）                              
 10. the same as 和……相同                               
11. A  be different from B  A与B不同 (= There is a difference/ There are differences between A and B)
12. wake up 醒来 (wake sb. up 表示“唤醒某人”)                               
13. get bored 变得厌倦（get/ become 是连系动词，后跟形容词如 tired/ angry/ excited等）
14. go skating 去滑冰（类似还有 go hiking/ fishing / skating/ bike riding 等）                               
15. lots of/ a lot of 许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）                              
16. at the weekends 在周末                               
17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习                              
18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)                             
19. I don't agree. = I disagree. 我不同意。                              
20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上    
（注意 paper/ information/ news/ work/ homework/  housework 等常考到的不可数词）                             
21. on vacation 度假                               
22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth. 帮助某人做某事 
23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼                              
24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里；live on the twelfth  floor 住在12楼                               
25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号                             
26. as a reporter 作为一名记者                              
27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明                            
28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗？                              
29. in the future 在将来/在未来                              
30. no more = not … anymore 不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）                             
31. no longer = not … any longer 不再（强调状态不再发生）                               
32. besides（除……之外还，包括）与except = but（除……之外，不包括）                              
33. be able to 与 can 能；会         
     (be able to 用于各种时态，而 can 只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to 用于各种时态，而must  只能用于一般现在时态）
例如① I have been able to/ will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用 can）                      
      ② had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用 must）                              
34. be big and crowded 大而且拥挤                              
34. be in college 在上大学                               
35. live on a space station 住在空间站                               
36. dress casually 穿得很随意；casual clothing 休闲服饰                              
37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯；win award 获奖                              
38. come true 变成现实                               
39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间                             
40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣                              
41. over and over again 一次又一次                              
42. be in different shapes 形状不同                              
43. twenty years from now 今后20年                              
本单元目标句型：                       
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?                               
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.                                 
  fewer；less 表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more 二者都可以修饰。                               
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won't/ Yes, they will。
4. Predicting the future can be difficult.                            
5. I need to look smart for my job interview.                              
6. I will be able to dress more casually.                             
7. I think I'll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.                            
8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?                               
9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes
     seemed impossible a hundred years  ago.                               
本单元语法讲解：一般将来时                               
1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：                              
    ① 含 tomorrow; next 短语；
    ② in + 段时间 ；
    ③  how soon；  
    ④ by + 将来时间；
    ⑤ by the time sb. do …；
    ⑥ 祈使句句型中：or/  and sb. will do；         
    ⑦ 在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；
    ⑧  another day                                  
    比较 be going to 与 will:                                  
            be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。                   
    如：He is going to write a letter tonight.  He will  write a book one day.                               
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
    He is seriously ill. He is going to die.  He will be twenty years old.                               
3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，
    比如： She is going to lend us her book.  He will be here in half an hour.                            
4. 在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用 will。
    如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you  and help you.    
   掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分 be going to 与 will了。                               
   一般将来时常见的标志词              
    ① 含 tomorrow; next 短语； ② in + 段时间    ③ how soon； ④ by + 将来时间；                              
5. 祈使句句型中：or/ and sb. will do 
 例：Be quick, or you will be late = If you don't be  quick, you will be late                              
6. 在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时 
   Unit 2  What should I do?                              
1. too loud 太大声                              
2. out of style 过时的                              
3. in style 流行的                              
4. call sb. up = ring sb. up = call/ ring/ phone  sb. 给……打电话                               
5. enough money 足够的钱(enough 修饰名词时不必后置)                              
6. busy enough 够忙 (enough 修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)                              
7. a ticket to/ for a ball game 一张球赛的门票          
  注意：the key to the lock/ the key (answer) to the question)/ the solution to the problem.                  
            此处几个短语不能用 of 表示所有格                              
8. talk about 谈论                              
9. on the phone 用电话                              
10. pay for 付款                               
11. spend … on +sth. = spend … ( in) doing sth.   在……花钱                              
12. It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花……的时间                              
13. borrow  … from 从……借( 借进来)                              
14. lend … to 把……借给(借出去)                               
15. You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。（不用  borrow 或 lend）                    
16. buy sth. for sb. 为……买东西                                
17. tell sb. to do/ not to do sth. 告诉某人做某事                               
18. want sb. to do sth. = would like sb. to do 想某人做某事                              
19. find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白                              
20. play one's stereo 放录象                               
21. fail the test = not pass the test 考试不及格                              
22. fail in (doing) sth. …  在……上失败,变弱                              
23. succeed in (doing) sth. 在……方面成功                              
24. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信                               
25. surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/ interest/  please/ amaze + 某人）                              
26. to one's surprise 使某人吃惊的是……                             
27. to one's joy  使某人高兴的是……                               
28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）                              
29. get/ find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果） 
30. ask sb. for … 寻求/向某人要某物                              
31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤                               
32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb.与某人争吵                              
33. have a fight with sb. = fight with 与某人打架                              
34. drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去                               
35. prepare for … = get ready for … 为……做准备                             
36. after-school clubs (activities) 课外俱乐部（活动）            
37. be/ get used to doing 习惯做某事                                  
      used to do 过去经常/常常做某事                                   
      be used for doing = be used to do sth. 被用于做某事                              
38. fill … up 填补；装满……；be full of 装满                               
39. return sth. to sb. = give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人                              
40. get on/ along well with 与…相处很好                              
41. all kinds of 各种各样                               
42. as much as possible = as much as you can 尽可能多                              
43. take part in = join in 参加（某种活动/集会）                              
44. a bit = a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）                              
45. a bit of = a little 一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）                              
46. be angry with … 生……的气                               
47. by oneself = on one's own 某人自己/独自地                              
48. on the one hand 一方面                              
49. on the other hand 另一方面                              
50. I find/ feel/ think it difficult to do …          我发现/感到/认为做某事很难。                               
51. see/ hear/ watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/注视某人正在做……                              
52. not … until 直到……才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）                              
53. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:                                  
     be/ become + upset/ tired/ excited/                                
    interested/ worried/ surprised/ amazed/ annoyed                              
    说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是 -ed  结尾的单词，
              而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是 -ing 结尾单词.）               
   例如: I was surprised/ interested/ amazed when I heard the surprising/ interesting/ amazing news.    
53. radio advice program 电台提建议的节目                              
54. be original 新颖的                               
55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某处                              
56. sports clothes 运动服 
57. the same age as = as old as 和……年龄一样                              
58. the tired children  疲惫不堪的孩子                              
59. complain about (doing sth.)   抱怨……                               
60. take their children from activity to activity   带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动                              
61. try to do sth.  尽量干某事；try doing sth. 试着干某事                              
62. be under too much pressure 压力太大                              
63. a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈                               
64. take part in after-school clubs 参加课后俱乐部                               
65. compepition starts from a very young age竞争从很小年纪就开始了                              
66. compare … with  和……比较                              
67. organized activities  有组织的活动                              
本单元目标句型：                                
1. What's wrong (with you)?/ What's the matter?                              
2. What should I do? 我该怎么办？                               
3. You could write him a letter. 你可以给他写封信。                      
    You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉。                              
4. They shouldn't argue. 他们不应该争吵。                              
5. Why don't you talk to him about it? = Why not talk to him about it?
   = You should/ could talk to him about it.
   = What/ How about talking to him about it.
   = You'd better talk to him about it.                               
6. The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.                               
7. Activities include sports, language learning,music and math classes.          
   Thirty people, including six children (six children included), went to visit the factory.                              
8. People shouldn't push their children so hard.                                 
9. Parents are trying to plan their kids' lives for them.
   When these kids are adults,  they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves.                               
Unit 3  What were you doing when the UFO arrived?                              
1. in front of  在……的前面（外部），in the front of 在……的前面（内部）                              
2. in the library在图书馆
3. get out of/ get into 出……之外/进入                               
4. sleep late 睡懒觉；sleep well 睡得好；get to sleep =fall asleep 睡着                               
5. walk down/ along 沿……走                              
6. take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）                              
7. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上    
    注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用 on）                              
8. in the tree 在树上；on the tree 在树上                              
9. take photos 照相                               
10. at the train station 在火车站                              
11. run away 跑开，逃跑                               
12. as + adj. 原形 as  和……一样……        
    例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister.  I can run as fast as he (him)                               
13. buy/ draw/ make sth. for sb. 为某人买/画/制作                              
14. walk home 走回家                              
15. in history 在历史上                              
16. for example 例如                              
17. in the city of 在……市                              
18. on the playground 在操场上                              
19. ten minutes ago 十分钟前                              
20. take place 发生（强调必然性）                              
21. happen to sth./ sb. 发生（强调偶然性）     
     例如：What has happened to you? = What's the matter with you?
               = What's wrong with you?                              
22. of course = sure = certainly 当然                               
23. all over the world = around the world 遍及全世界                              
24. outside/ inside the station 在车站外/内                              
25. next to 相邻，紧贴                              
26. close to 接近于；在附近                               
27. be ill in hospital/ bed 生病住院/卧床                              
28. hear about/ of 听说（间接听到）                               
29. in silence 沉默不语；keep silent 保持沉默                              
30. an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历                               
31. have fun doing sth. 干某事有乐趣；have difficult time doing sth. 干某事有困难                               
32. have meaning to 对……有意义    
33. become the first Chinese astronaut in space成为中国第一个太空宇航员                              
34. a national hero 一个民族英雄                               
35. be famous all over the world 全世界出名                                 
36. for the first time 第一次                              
本单元目标句型:                                   
 What were you doing when I arrived/ at that time/ at 8:00 last night/ from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday?     
1. I was doing sth. when + 一般过去时的时间状语从句……                              
2. How about … = What about …?                               
3. While sth./ sb. was doing sth., I was doingsth. ….                               
4. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?                               
5. 当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。While my mother was cooking, I was watching TV.                       
6. I was walking down the street when a UFO landed  right in front of me.                               
7. You can image how strange it was.                                 
8. I followed to see where it was going.                              
9. Isn't that amazing!                                  
10. She didn't thinking about looking outside the  station.                               
11. I was so tired this morning. It was difficult   to get out of the bed.                              
12. Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 2004 Olympics.                               
13. Beijng was made host to the 2008 Olympics.                               
14. People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important  events
     in history.                               
15. This was one of the most important events in modern American history.                              
16. Even the most everyday activities can seem   important.                              
17. Our teacher asked us to stop what we were  doing and listen.                               
18. However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing
     when  the World Trade Center  in New York was  destroyed by terrorists.                              
19. Not all events in history are as terrible as  this, of course.                              
20. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22  hours.                              
本单元语法讲解                                
过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）                               
句型 S + was/ were + V-ing … 
 例1：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening   昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。 
 例2：We were having supper at that time 那个时候我们正在吃晚饭                                
 解说：如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，
             否则就不合逻辑了。
 例如：I  was taking a bath yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小时都正在洗吗？） 
  所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下： I took a bath yesterday. 昨天我洗了澡 
  如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用
  过去进行时来表达是很普通的，
 例如     A：I called you up yesterday evening.                
             B：Did you? At what time?                               
             A：At around ten o'clock. 大约在十点钟。                               
             B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. 哦，当时我正在洗澡。 
             过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。
             请观察下面的图解说明:过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好
             在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句 （主句+ 副词从句）。
例如:When I got up this morning, Mother was   preparing breakfast in the kitchen.  
  (今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother ….”是主句，“when …，”是副词从  句。）
   常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：
     过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），
                                        then (= at that time) (那时，当时)，
                                        all + 时间，
                                        When …/ While …/ As …”等副词从句，etc
                           Unit 4  He said I was hard-working.                              
1. every Saturday 每周六                              
2. first of all 首先                               
3. both … and … 两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）                              
4. neither ….nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）                              
5. most of … 绝大多数                               
6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周                               
7. agree on something 同意某人的计划；对……取得 一致意见                              
8. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做……                              
9. pass on (to) 传递 
10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做……                              
11. be mad at … 对……疯狂/生气                               
12. do better in = be better at 在……方面做得更好                              
13. be in good health 身体健康                              
14. report card 成绩单                               
15. sound/ feel/ smell/ taste/ look 是连系动词，一般只能跟  adj. 做表语                              
16. sound like/ feel like/ smell like/ taste like/ look like 听起来像……/感觉像……/闻起来像……
     /尝起来像 ……/看起来像…… + sb.sth
17. get … over 克服；恢复；原谅                              
18. open up 打开/展开/开发/揭露                              
19. care for 照料；照顾；意愿；计较                               
20.

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